Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterised by repeated episodes of upper-airway obstruction during sleep, causing apneas and hypopneas, oxygen desaturation, and sleep fragmentation. It is strongly associated with obesity and Type 2 diabetes — approximately 20–40% of T2D adults have OSA comorbidity. OSA is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI ≥15 events/h = moderate-to-severe) is the primary diagnostic and treatment-response metric. CPAP is standard mechanical treatment; tirzepatide (SURMOUNT-OSA) is the first pharmacological agent shown to significantly reduce AHI in this population.

Connections

• SURMOUNT-OSA — evidence_from, tirzepatide reduces AHI ~20-24 events/h
• Tirzepatide — treatment option (obesity-mediated OSA)
• Type 2 Diabetes — common comorbidity